施氮水平对7S亚基缺失大豆根系形态和结瘤固氮的影响

为有效推广功能型大豆7S亚基缺失品种,以7S亚基缺失大豆品系东富2号为研究对象,设置4种施氮水平(纯N),N0(0 mg·kg~(-1))、N1(25 mg·kg~(-1))、N2(50 mg·kg~(-1))、N3(75 mg·kg~(-1)),采用桶栽法研究大豆根系形态和结瘤固氮对不同施氮水平的响应。结果表明:N1(25 mg·kg~(-1))水平下根系干重加大,根冠比增大,根瘤固氮潜力高,单株产量较高。N2(50 mg·kg~(-1))水平下根长、根表面积、根体积在生育后期增长较快,根系干重较大,根冠比低,固氮酶活性最高,单株籽粒产量最高。N3(75 mg·kg~(-1))水平下植株干重较大,无效生长较多,根瘤数少,固氮潜力和根冠比低,单株产量不高。综合籽粒产量和根系特性指标,功能型大豆7S亚基缺失品系东富2号的适宜施肥量为25~50 mg·kg~(-1)。     

Replacing Soybean Meal with Alternative Protein Sources in Diets for Pond‐raised Hybrid Catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus

The present study investigated the replacement of soybean meal with combinations of two or three alternative protein sources in diets for pond‐raised hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus. Alternative protein sources evaluated included cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), peanut meal, and porcine meat and bone meal (PMBM). Hybrid catfish fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 35 g/fish were stocked into 25 earthen ponds (0.04 ha) at a density of 14,826 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 166 d. No significant differences were observed for total diet fed, net yield, weight gain, survival, carcass yield, fillet yield, or fillet proximate composition among dietary treatments. Results show soybean meal may be completely replaced by combinations of cottonseed meal and one or two other alternative protein sources including DDGS, peanut meal, and PMBM in the diet without markedly affecting production and processing characteristics and fillet proximate composition of pond‐raised hybrid catfish. These alternative diets may be used during foodfish production when prices are favorable.     

野生大豆资源的研究现状与发展前景

本文对野生大豆种质资源的起源、新型应用、以及未来发展进行了阐述。对其遗传性状进行了简单分析,并从国内分布的地理位置、种质资源发展所需要面对的一些问题进行了探讨。为野生大豆资源的相关研究提供参考。     

干法生产UHT豆奶工艺技术研究及应用

以优质大豆为主要原料，经干法生产（大豆筛选、脱皮、高温灭酶、粗磨、超细研磨、浆渣分离）制得豆奶；根据QB／T2132产品分类要求（纯豆乳、调制豆乳、豆乳饮料），研究配方组成（大豆用量、加油量、乳化剂添加量）；采用UHT灭菌、复合塑料膜无菌灌装，常温下保质期达到30～90天.     

Ionic Ratios and Crop Performance: II. Effects of Interactions amongst Vanadium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Calcium on Soybean Yield

Because vanadium (V) is easily reduced to a cationic form within plant cells, data from resin-extraction of soil were analysed for evidence of interactions between V and the resin-extractable concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) on soybean seed yield. Three varieties, 9091, 9061 and 704, were grown over a 3-year period in a corn–soybean–wheat rotation. Surface soil samples (0–15 cm) were extracted with ion-exchange resins, extracts were analysed by inductively coupled plasma methods (ICP), and the results were regressed against seed yield using SAS PROC STEPWISE analysis using forward selection, backward elimination and maximum R² routines. The seed yield of each variety showed a correlation with a unique set of resin-extractable concentrations of V, phosphorus (P), Mg and Ca, and the V:(V + P), Mg:(Mg + Ca), Mg:(Mg + 1000 V) and Ca:(Ca + 1000 V) ratios. Variety 9091 was most sensitive to the Mg:(Mg + Ca) ratio. Variety 9061 was most sensitive to extractable V and to the V:(V + P) ratio. Variety 704 was sensitive to extractable P, V and Ca and the Mg:(Mg + 1000 V) ratio. For variety 9091, Mg fertilization (not currently practised) may be an economical practice, whereas P fertilization of 704 may not be economical. Each regression technique varied slightly in identification of important factors in seed yield. Concentrations and ratios of resin-extractable elements in soil provide insights into optimal genotype selection and possible management alternatives for a given soil.     

大豆田苣荬菜综合防除技术研究

提出了大豆田恶性杂草—苣荬菜的综合防除技术体系：１）降低大豆在整个轮作体系中的比例，将苣荬菜消灭于禾谷类作物四；２）深翻抑制芽根的萌发；３）大豆前茬作物收获后秋季茎叶处理２．４－Ｄ丁酯，最佳用药量为０．８１～１．３５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，最佳施药时期为１０月５～１０日；４）作为挽救措施可在大豆播后苗前施２．４—Ｄ丁酯，用药量为０．７２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，并可与乙草胺、赛克津等常规大豆田除草剂混用．     

黄淮夏大豆超高产育种模式的探讨

通过不同品种（系）和密度的超高产栽培试验，分析四因子和二因子的产量效应，各因子对产量贡献的大小为：亩荚数＞百粒重＞荚粒数。超高产育种和栽培的主攻方向是提高亩荚数，同步增加百粒重。黄淮超高产育种模式：亩荚数４６．７±５．３万，百粒重２２．４±２．６克，每荚粒数２．１８±０．１１个。     

牦牛放牧率对小嵩草高寒草甸不同植物类群地上生物量生产率的影响

2年的牦牛放牧试验表明:除不同植物本身的生理特性外,降水和地温是影响小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场不同植物类群地上生物量绝对生长率的关键因素。小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场地上总生物量的绝对生长率1999年在7月份最大;1998年,冷季草场各放牧处理的绝对生长率在8月份达到最大,暖季草场的对照组和轻牧组在7月份最大,中牧组和重牧组在8月份最大。不同植物类群地上生物量生长率的变化不尽相同。1998年,冷季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,暖季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率7月份达到最大,且9月份出现了营养的再次积累;1999年,冷季草场禾草地上生物量的绝对生长率在6月份和8月份出现了两个峰值,暖季草场禾草地生物量的绝对生长率在7月份达到最大。对杂草类而言,1998年冷季草场的绝对生长率6月份最大,暖季草场重牧组的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,其他各处理7月份达到最大;1999年重牧组杂草的绝对生长率在6月份达到最大,其他各处理杂草在8月份达到最大。     

大豆新品种黑农44的选育及不同种植方式对其产量和品质的影响

黑农 4 4属于高脂肪、高产品种 ,其基础与亲本的遗传有关 ,在后代选择上主要是按着母本哈85 - 6 437(黑农 37)生态类型选择。不同密度穴播比条播增产 ,在 15～ 2 5万株 /hm2 时穴播较条播增产 0 .9%～ 13.1% ,同时脂肪含量提高 ;黑农 4 4主要栽培要点是 :密度 2 0～ 2 5万株 /hm2 ,采用穴播 ,种肥施磷酸二铵 15 0～ 187.5kg/hm2 ,实行通透管理 ,防治病虫草害。